TNF and neoplasm: The selection of cytokines was based on their significant role in regulating the tumor microenvironment, including promoting either the Th1 (IL-2RA, IL-12(p40), IL-15, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IFN-γ) or the Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) profile.