GDNF and Abnormal retinal morphology: In this regard, several neuroprotective factors, such as glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), have emerged as alternative treatments to promote neuronal survival, regeneration, and plasticity in different retinal diseases [32].