This contrasts with our previous findings in lupus nephritis (LN) patients, where we observed an increased percentage of immature/early-transitional B cells (CD27−IgD+CD21−), a higher frequency of activated SM (CD27+IgD−CD21−) and exhausted memory B cells (CD27−IgD−), and a decrease in NSM (CD27+IgD+) B cells [13]. The gene discussed is CD27; the disease is lupus nephritis.