PTGER2 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Key enzymatic alterations in IPF include upregulation of EP300, a histone acetyltransferase involved in cell proliferation and differentiation [3]; reduced activity of acetyltransferases (HATs), leading to decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression due to diminished COX2 expression [107]; and reduced acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the Thy-1 promoter, resulting in gene silencing, as well as at the Fas promoter, contributing to fibroblast resistance to apoptosis [107].