In a post-hoc analysis of the PHANTER-IPF clinical trial, Oldham et al. reported that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) provided benefits to IPF patients carrying the TOLLIP rs3750920 TT genotype (present in approximately 25% of IPF patients), whereas patients with the CC genotype showed an increased risk of hospitalization. Here, TOLLIP is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.