Meanwhile, in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/12 h) for 12 weeks had a direct beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy by improving endothelial nitrous oxide synthase (eNOS) activity via downregulating the nuclear factor (NF)-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway [31]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and diabetic kidney disease.