Based on their results, the presence of the AA genotype of the AQP5-1364A/C polymorphism was associated with aggravated pulmonary inflammation, as indicated by the elevated bronchoalveolar lavage protein and leukocyte concentrations, while ARDS patients with the C-allele of the AQP5-1364A/C promoter polymorphism had attenuated pulmonary inflammation and higher 30-day survival. Here, AQP5 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.