This means that the effect of E2 on MALAT1 expression is dose-dependent where low doses (10 nM or 10−8 mol/L) cause an upregulation of MALAT1 while high doses (100 nM) cause a downregulation of MALAT1, explaining the increased incidence and the worse prognosis of PD in women after menopause where E2 concentration drops dramatically. Here, MALAT1 is linked to Parkinson disease.