MALAT1 and Parkinson disease: MALAT1 expression is upregulated in multiple PD mouse models and cell lines that showed how MALAT1 contributes to all of the hallmarks of the disease, including the expression and accumulation of α-synuclein, decreased levels of tyrosine kinase, enhanced apoptosis and neuroinflammation, and suppressed cell proliferation, which is summarized in Table 1 [4,7,9,35,36,44,45,46,47].