Yang et al. demonstrated that the increased serum levels of MALAT1 in sporadic PD patients compared to HCs were also positively correlated with increased serum levels of inflammatory markers, including interleukins, IL-1β and IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (rs = 0.552, 0.521, 0.550, and 0.43, respectively). Here, TNF is linked to Parkinson disease.