HIF1A and COVID-19: In this context, our group recently demonstrated increased OxS markers of TBARS and HIF-1α in the placenta of women infected with COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy, accompanied by increased placental antioxidant superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity, suggesting a compensatory antioxidant defense adaptation aimed at protecting placental physiology and fetal growth [31].