XBP1 and central nervous system cancer: In this regard, Liu et al. demonstrated that XBP1 knockdown significantly enhanced the cell death fraction, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and ROS levels in As2O3-treated glioma cells, concomitant with a decrease in several antioxidant molecules including catalase, suggesting targeting XBP1 may have synergistic effects with ROS inducers such as As2O3 on glioma treatment [80].