With respect to therapeutic molecules, numerous approaches have been undertaken to treat DDD using molecular methods including the application of members of the TGF-β superfamily of growth factors (TGF-β1, β2, β3, GDF-5, BMP-2, BMP-7/OP-1), CCN-2), and, in what may seem like a paradox, even using various TGF-β inhibitors [29,56,57,58,59]. This evidence concerns the gene BMP7 and Dowling-Degos disease 1.