BMP4 and atherosclerosis: Moreover, as also demonstrated in a previous study of ours [27], the results obtained on BMP-4 mRNA expression, allowed us to confirm the literature’s findings which suggest that BMP-4 levels are lower under physiological conditions compared to pathological ones, in the absence of flow or medical devices used to prevent atherosclerosis, identifying the flow as the most feasible appropriate for the study of this marker [27,37].