Activation of HIF-2a and its targets TGF-β1, IL-3, ANG, VEGF-A, and IL-1 alpha was detected, as well as an increase in tumor cell proliferation, maintenance of their stemness, and drug rejection due to the participation of hypoxic astrocytes in the formation of the extracellular matrix [172,173]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.