ANGPTL4 and diabetes mellitus: It was shown that aqueous levels of ANGPTL4 in patients with diabetic macular edema were significantly higher than those in non-DM patients with cataracts [40,41], and it was also demonstrated that vitreous levels of ANGPTL4 were elevated in patients with proliferative DR and that ANGPTL4 levels were substantially correlated with levels of serum lipids [42].