This action is also related to the effect of BA on TNF-α synthesis, because available data indicate that PDE inhibitors are also anti-TNF-α agents used, among others, in the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis [30,31,32]. The gene discussed is ALDH7A1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.