Insoluble dietary fiber alleviated DSS-induced colitis, partly by increasing BA absorption, suppressing the TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway [136], decreasing Akkermansia, increasing Parasutterella, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Alistipes, reversing the DSS-induced decline in secondary BAs, and protecting against DSS-induced intestinal barrier damage [137]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and colitis.