In a microarray analysis performed by MohanKumar et al., NEC bowel samples showed increased expression of numerous cytokines, including IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10, TNF, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, when compared to normal intestine [11]. Here, IL1B is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.