PPARA and steatosis: In a 12-week HFD regimen in rats, the administration of BM MSC EVs over the last 6 weeks (15–120 μg/kg twice a week) resulted in suppressed steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, serum AST and ALT, and the expression of SREBP-1, SREBP-2, ACC (fatty acid synthesis) or CD36 (lipid uptake), decreased NAFLD activity score (NAS), and an increased expression of PPARα and CPT1 (fatty acid oxidation) [140].