Given the significance of galectin-1, alpha-1-microglobulin, and galectin-9 in predicting MACE specifically for patients with PAD, further basic science and translational research is warranted to elucidate the biological relationships between these proteins and cardiovascular disease development/progression in patients with PAD with the goal of informing targeted therapeutics. The gene discussed is LGALS1; the disease is cardiovascular disorder.