Schneider et al. evaluated the urinary levels of TIMP-1, LYVE-1, and prostaglandin E Metabolite (PGEM) through the application of ELISA methods to distinguish patients with PC from IPMN and healthy controls: the median urinary TIMP-1 levels were significantly lower in healthy controls (n = 9; 0.32 ng/mg creatinine) compared to PC (n = 13; 1.95). This evidence concerns the gene LYVE1 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.