TNF and neoplasm: Tumor tissues from CRC patients presented with higher concentrations of Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Ruminococcus, which are associated with higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and P-selectin [37].