ACOD1 and cancer: Both conditions lead to a decrease in the enzymatic activity of IDHs to the first stop of the TCA cycle; consequently, isocitrate could be converted to citrate in a reverse TCA cycle but also itaconate via aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1 encoded by IRG1 gene) in immune cells [117] or to oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), which is exported in TME and may aid the TAM polarization and function in cancer cells [115].