INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In a study with a small sample size (n = 48) [37], it was identified that the GA/HbA1c ratio is higher in patients who have insulin antibodies (InsAb) with high binding capacity and low-affinity properties compared to those patients with negative InsAb with T1D (3.78 ± 0.63 vs. 2.99 ± 0.22; p = 0.001) and T2D (3.36 ± 0.79 vs. 2.61 ± 0.48; p = 0.003).