PTPN1 and diabetes mellitus: This study confirmed that even after gastric digestion, the bioavailable part of ETE has significant potential for inhibiting various enzymes, including urease, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and PTP1B; reducing AGE formation; and reducing the synthesis of proteins such as AP-1, NFκB, and RAGE, which are related to the pathogenesis of diabetes and kidney disorders.