CAT and type 2 diabetes mellitus: SITG treatments effectively restored GSH levels, with T2DM + SITG10 at 16.48 ± 0.852 (p < 0.05) and T2DM + SITG30 at 17.52 ± 1.361 (p < 0.01), but catalase levels remained similar across treatment groups with no significant changes compared to T2DM rats.