In the second stage, ROS production is increased due to oxidative stress through mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which leads to lipid peroxidation that can cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8, and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis, favoring the production of cytokines and the initiation of HCC. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.