This review aims to elucidate recent advances in understanding the PAK1 and PAK2 signaling pathways and to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of PAK1 and PAK2 in the regulation of vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, inflammation, and atherosclerosis, all of which are crucial for the pathophysiological process of cardiovascular diseases. The gene discussed is PAK1; the disease is atherosclerosis.