Long-lasting changes in gene expression that are induced by MS and demonstrate region-, age-, and sex-specific alterations are also reported for other genes; for example, the transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2), the glucocorticoid receptor gene Nr3 c1, the oxytocin receptor gene Oxtr, the serotonin receptor gene, and genes involved in the HPA axis. This evidence concerns the gene GRIN2B and myeloid sarcoma.