Moreover, several trials evaluated the relationship between sensitivity vs. resistance to PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 blockade and the gut microbiome not only in patients with lung cancer and RCC but also in patients with other mentioned malignancies (according to https://ClinicalTrials.gov/, accessed on 24 November 2024). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and renal cell carcinoma.