VEGFA and neoplasm: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most prevalent immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and are pivotal in promoting angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by suppressing antitumor immune responses through IL-10 and PG-E2 while promoting metastasis and extracellular matrix remodeling via MMPs and angiogenic factors like VEGF [31,34].