GJA1 and cancer: Cx43 hemichannels facilitate the release of cell proliferation/survival signaling molecules like NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), cADPR (cyclic ADP-ribose), ATP, Ca2+, IP3, glutathione, and prostaglandin E2, which can influence cancer cell survival, migration, and invasion by modulating the extracellular environment, including altering ion concentrations and releasing growth factors [63,64,65].