In NSCLC, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) for patients in the low-GDF-15 group was 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.8–7.6), compared with 3.1 months (95% CI, 1.5–4.8) for those in the high-GDF-15 group. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.