INS and diabetes mellitus: Some preclinical studies have tested the effect of ERS inhibitors [morin, tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid, quercetin, and 4-phenyl butyric acid] on diabetes, demonstrating positive glycemia reduction through an insulin-mimetic effect, the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, and the promotion of β-cell survival, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity [76,77,78].