In addition to treatment in patients at risk for liver metastases, these anti-TGF-β αVβ5+ exosomes could also be used for the treatment of liver fibrosis caused by chronic hepatitis, alcohol abuse, or cirrhosis, in which TGF-β also drives the production of fibronectin and for which liver transplantation becomes the only therapeutic option [43]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic hepatitis.