Interestingly, adiponectin and AdipoR1 levels decrease in individuals suffering from both aging and obesity,412, 430, 431, 432 indicating that downregulation of adiponectin signaling could result in sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and should be considered a therapeutic target for muscle dysfunction and metabolic defects. Here, ADIPOQ is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.