A total of 52 NOA males underwent salvage m-TESE, and data on various factors such as age, BMI, presence of Klinefelter’s syndrome, varicocele, or cryptorchidism, mean testicular volume, hormonal profile (total testosterone, FSH, LH, inhibin B levels), testicular histology, and surgical duration were gathered and analyzed. Here, PLOD1 is linked to Klinefelter syndrome.