VIP and colitis: Vu et al.'s research confirms Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) as an anti-inflammatory agent, showing reduced DSS-induced Colitis in both VIP knockout mice and wild-type mice treated with VIP antagonists (Vu et al., 2014), NEP Deficiency might dampen VIP anti-inflammatory-action-by-affecting production of its active VPAC1-binding fragments (Pavlovic et al., 2011).