TNF and HIV infectious disease: Immunosuppressed populations, such as those suffering from leukemia, lymphoma, HIV infection, patients with metastatic malignancies, transplant recipients, and undergoing cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy individuals or taking corticosteroids with a dose of ≥ 2 mg/kg for ≥ 2 weeks and TNF inhibitors (e.g., adalimumab and infliximab), are in a group for whom this vaccine is not recommended [155].