TP53 and glioblastoma: Quercetin also induced apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by upregulating MDM2 mRNA expression, activating caspase-3, and decreasing p53 levels, affecting the regulation of the MDM2-p53 axis (Wang et al., 2014[236]) Molecular dynamics studies revealed that quercetin binds to the MDM2-p53 hydrophobic groove, altering its conformation and disrupting the MDM2-p53 interaction through π-π stacking between MDM2's Tyr 51 and quercetin (Verma et al., 2013[229]).