Examples include: i) Curcumin: Downregulates MDM2 expression via the PI3K/mTOR/ETS2 pathway, leading to reduced MDM2 levels and increased p53 activity (Sultana et al., 2021[213]); ii) Resveratrol: Acts as a direct inhibitor of MDM2 expression and prevents MDM2-mediated p53 degradation, thereby promoting p53 stability (Merlin et al., 2021[137]); iii) Gambogic Acid: Inhibits MDM2 by downregulating its expression, stabilizing p53, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells (Foggetti et al., 2017[53]). Here, MDM2 is linked to cancer.