We examined the expression of ITGA2, COL6A1, cyclin D1, PKN1, F2R, PDGFRA, and HSP90AB1, and found that these genes are significantly upregulated in imatinib or nilotinib-resistant versus sensitive K562 cells (Figure 6D) and in TKI resistant CML patients compared to responding counterparts (Figure 6E). This evidence concerns the gene PKN1 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.