XIAP and infection: Moxidectin, on the other hand, upregulated multiple protective factors, including a trypsin inhibitor (Tcan_08038) and an aspartyl protease inhibitor (Tca-API-3, Tcan_02586), which may protect against host-specific proteolytic enzymes and play a role in the host immune response and infection, as seen in A. suum [108], H. contortus [109], and Ostertagia ostertagi [110].