CXCL1 and cancer: (1) Abrogation of SQLE by shRNA caused a major increase in squalene accumulation in the cancer cells; (2) Direct administration of squalene to mice bearing tumors caused changes of immune cells in the tumor tissues very similar to the changes of immune cells in the tumor with SQLE knockdown; (3) Treatment of cancer cells with squalene in vitro led to inhibition the p65/NF-κB signaling pathway and a decrease of CXCL1 expression, which was also observed in cells with SQLE knockdown.