The mechanisms underlying this process are as follows: (Makhoul et al., 2018) circGFRA1 sponges miR-1228, leading to the upregulation of AIFM2, which inhibits ferroptosis mediated by ubiquinone and thus promotes BC progression (Bazhabayi et al., 2021; Chen and Xie, 2020); (Nik-Zainal et al., 2016) in experimental models, silencing circGFRA1 in cancer cells reduces the GSH/GSSG ratio, depletes GPX4, accumulates highly toxic lipid ROS, and induces ferroptosis (Seibt et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene AIFM2 and breast cancer.