Elevation of these mediators, namely neurofilament light chain (NfL), GFAP, and beta-amyloid-40 and 42 (Aβ40 + Aβ42), has been observed in CNS neurodegeneration, e.g., in Alzheimer’s disease models (5xFAD mouse model (Forner et al, 2021)). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Alzheimer disease.