High tumor expression of markers for activated immune cell infiltrates (for example, GZMB, CD69, NCR1 and CD8A), immune checkpoints (for example, ICOS and IDO1), antigen-presentation-related genes (for example, HLA, B2M, ERAP1, ERAP2 and CD74) and other immune signaling genes were associated with a reduced risk of disease progression (Extended Data Fig. 6). Here, ICOS is linked to neoplasm.