To explore whether NPC1 promotes HCC progression via TGFBR1 activation, we treated NPC1-overexpressing PLC/PRF/5 cells with LY2157299 (Galunisertib), a clinical inhibitor of TGFBR1 activation that has been investigated in clinical trials involving HCC patients44–50. The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.