ADO and neoplasm: 93). In addition, the activation of A2B receptor by ADO in CaSki and HeLa cell lines induced an increase in the production of immunosuppressive IL-10 by cancer cells, protecting them from T cell-mediated cytotoxic lysis (Ref. 94). Likewise, the higher levels of CD39 and CD73 expressed by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from human cervical cancer tumours can contribute to ADO production and the mechanisms to evade antitumour response (Refs 95, 96).