To avoid the possibility that the lower prevalence of AAb-IFN-α in the T1D cohort was due to long disease duration, we assessed the prevalence and profiles of AAb-IFN-α separately among people with T1D with a disease duration ≤12 months (n = 52) or >12 months (n = 38) (Supplementary Fig. S3A-E) (16). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.