ICOS and neoplasm: Further, independent associations were observed within the normal liver parenchyma for iCCA (visceral obesity: PD-1+PD-L1+PD-L2+CD68+cells) and for pCCA (sarcopenia: CD68+cells and TIM-3+CD8+cells; visceral obesity: ICOS+-TIGIT+CD8+cells and sarcopenic obesity: PD-1+PD-L1+PD-L2+CD8+cells).<h4>Conclusion</h4>This is the first systematic analysis of the association of BC and immune cells in cholangiocarcinoma showing a strong association between BC and distinct immune cell populations within the tumor itself as well as within the normal parenchyma.