TNF and neoplasm: We found that osteoclasts and MM act together to induce an acidic bone microenvironment, thereby triggering MMBP through ASIC3 activation of sensory neurons and suggested that targeting ASIC3 on neurons and the acidic bone microenvironment induced by multiple myeloma could be a strategy to alleviate MMBP in patients [82]; 4) Tumor-derived injurious mediators: Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a prominent role in cancer pain.