TGFB1 and cancer: Since MCF7 and HCC1954 cell migration slowed down on TACS5-mimicking scaffolds, without elongation of cellular and nuclear morphologies (Fig. 2a/b), EMT was induced using growth factors (EGF, TGF-β1) and ECM components (collagen I/IV), promoting cancer cell spreading and alignment within the scaffolds (Fig. S3a/b).